What Is a Defined Contribution Plan?
As a Southern California Edison employee, it is important to understand what a defined contribution plan is in order to be better prepared when planning your finances. A defined contribution plan is a qualified employer-sponsored retirement plan that provides each participating employee with an individual plan account earmarked for the employee. Depending on the type of defined contribution plan, plan contributions may be made by (1) only the employer (e.g., a profit-sharing plan), (2) only the employee (e.g., a nonmatching 401(k) plan), or (3) both the employer and the employee (e.g., a matching 401(k) plan).
In the case of Southern California Edison employer contributions, the contribution amount is generally 'defined' in the plan document, often in terms of a percentage of the employee's pre-tax compensation. For plans that allow employee contributions, each employee can generally decide how much to contribute (up to the employee contribution limit), and can usually change his or her contribution at certain times of the year. Like employer contributions, Southern California Edison employee contributions are generally expressed in terms of a percentage of the employee's pre-tax compensation.
A defined contribution plan does not guarantee a certain level of benefits to a Southern California Edison employee at retirement or separation from service. Instead, the amount of benefits paid to each participant at retirement or separation from service is the vested balance of his or her individual account. A Southern California Edison employee's vested balance consists of (1) the employee's own contributions and related earnings, and (2) any employer contributions and related earnings that the employee has earned (i.e., become vested in) due to length of service with the employer. The dollar value of the account will depend on the total amount of money contributed and the performance of the underlying plan investments.
What Are the Differences Between a Defined Contribution Plan and a Defined Benefit Plan?
A defined contribution plan is one of two major types of qualified retirement plans. [A qualified retirement plan is a plan that receives favorable federal income tax treatment and, generally, meets the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA).] The other major type of qualified retirement plan is a defined benefit plan. Although both are types of qualified plans, as a Southern California Edison employee you should understand the fundamental differences between defined contribution plans and defined benefit plans:
- A defined benefit plan guarantees a specified level of benefits to each participating fortune 500 employee at retirement. A defined contribution plan, however, makes no guarantees as to the future benefits that participating employees will receive from the plan.
- A defined contribution plan provides each participating Southern California Edison employee with an individual plan account. By contrast, a defined benefit plan does not establish or maintain individual plan accounts. The plan assets are held in a trust fund that is managed by a trustee and are not specifically earmarked for the employee in a separate account.
- A defined benefit plan is typically funded solely by employer contributions — employees are generally not allowed to contribute to the plan. By contrast, many types of defined contribution plans are funded either solely by employee contributions, or by some combination of Southern California Edison employee and employer contributions.
How Much Will Employees Receive from a Defined Contribution Plan?
The amount of benefits that each participating Southern California Edison employee will receive from a defined contribution plan at retirement or separation from service depends on several factors, those of which include:
- The total contributions (employer and employee) allocated to the participant's plan account
- Any forfeitures of other Southern California Edison employees' accounts that are reallocated to the participant's plan account because the other employees no longer work for the employer
- The performance of the underlying plan investments, and the participant's share of gains and losses on those investments
What Type of Employer Will Benefit Most from a Defined Contribution Plan?
A Southern California Edison employer that wants to benefit its young, well-paid owners and key employees will generally find a defined contribution plan most beneficial. That's because such employees typically have many years in which annual contributions can be made and invested, creating the opportunity for significant tax-deferred growth over the long term (depending on investment performance).
Example(s): Parrot Enterprises has four owners of varying ages. As the following table illustrates, younger employees have the potential to amass extremely large sums of retirement funds through a defined contribution plan.
|
Participant |
Current age |
Annual compensation |
Years to age 65 |
25% of pay contribution |
Value of account at age 65 with 8% interest |
|
Joe |
25 |
$50,000 |
40 |
$12,500 |
$3,497,263 |
|
Mary |
35 |
$50,000 |
30 |
$12,500 |
$1,529,323 |
|
Sam |
45 |
$50,000 |
20 |
$12,500 |
$617,787 |
|
Anne |
55 |
$50,000 |
10 |
$12,500 |
$195,569 |
Caution: The above scenario is entirely hypothetical and not to be used as a reliable indicator of future benefits under a defined contribution plan. Both annual contributions and investment returns can vary from year to year — widely, in some cases. There is even the possibility that a participant's plan account may lose value if his or her plan investments perform poorly.
What Is the Maximum Tax-Deductible Contribution That an Employer Can Make to a Defined Contribution Plan?
As a Southern California Edison employer, the maximum annual tax-deductible contribution that you can make to a defined contribution plan is generally limited to 25% of the total compensation of all Southern California Edison employees participating in the plan. [Employee pre-tax deferrals to a 401(k) plan are deductible separately from this 25% limit.] The specific rules regarding deductibility of employer contributions are complex, however, so you should consult a tax advisor for guidance.
Caution: For 2020, annual compensation in excess of $285,000 (up from $280,000 in 2019) for any individual plan participant cannot be included in calculating the maximum annual tax-deductible contribution.
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How Is Compensation Defined?
Annual Additions Limit
For purposes of the annual additions limit (see below), compensation generally includes all taxable personal services income, such as wages, salaries, fees, commissions, bonuses, and tips. For Southern California Edison employees, It does not include pension-type income, such as payments from qualified plans, nonqualified pensions, and taxable compensation due to participation in various types of stock and stock option plans. In addition, compensation includes voluntary salary deferrals to 401(k) plans and cafeteria plans. The maximum amount of annual compensation that can be used to determine the annual additions limit for any single plan participant is $285,000 (for 2020, up from $280,000 in 2019).
Highly Compensated Employee
For 2020, a highly compensated employee for a Southern California Edison company is an individual who:
- Was a 5% owner of the employer during 2019 or 2020, or
- Had compensation in 2019 in excess of $125,000 and, at the election of the employer, was in the top 20% of employees in terms of compensation for that year. (This $125,000 limit rises to $130,000 in 2020.)
For this purpose, compensation includes all taxable personal services income, such as wages, salaries, fees, commissions, bonuses, and tips. In addition, it includes elective or salary-reduction contributions to cafeteria and salary deferral plans such as 401(k) plans.
What Are the Maximum Annual Additions That Can Be Allocated to Each Plan Participant's Account?
Annual additions are the sum of (1) total contributions (employer and employee) made to an individual participant's plan account for the year, and (2) any forfeitures of other employees' accounts that are reallocated to the participant's plan account. The maximum annual additions that can be allocated to any individual participant's plan account are the lesser of (1) 100% of the participant's compensation for the year, or (2) $57,000 (for 2020, up from $56,000 in 2019). As mentioned, the maximum amount of annual compensation that can be used to determine the annual additions limit for any single plan participant is $285,000 (for 2020, up from $280,000 in 2019).
Caution: You must treat all qualified defined contribution plans you maintain as a single plan for purposes of calculating the annual additions limit.
Tip: For 401(k) plans, employees age 50 and older can make catch-up contributions of up to $6,500 in 2020 in excess of the $57,000 annual additions dollar limit.
What Are The Types of Qualified Defined Contribution Plans?
Here are brief descriptions of the major types of qualified defined contribution plans..
Profit-Sharing Plan
A profit-sharing plan is a defined contribution plan that allows for Southern California Edison employer discretion in determining the level of annual contributions to the plan. In fact, the business can contribute nothing at all in a given year if it so chooses. As the name suggests, a profit-sharing plan is usually a sharing of the Southern California Edison employer's profits that may fluctuate from year to year. Generally, corporations will contribute to profit-sharing plans in one of two ways: either according to a written formula or in a purely discretionary manner.
401(K) Plan
A 401(k) plan, sometimes called a cash or deferred arrangement (CODA), is a defined contribution plan in which Southern California Edison employees elect either to receive cash payments from their employer immediately or to defer receipt of the income. If deferred, the amount deferred consists of pre-tax dollars that are invested in the employee's plan account. A 401(k) plan can also allow employees to make after-tax Roth contributions. Often, the Southern California Edison employer matches all or part of the employees' deferrals to encourage employee participation. The 401(k) plan is the most widely used type of defined contribution plan. An individual 401(k) plan can be established that covers only a business owner, or the business owner and his or her spouse.
Money Purchase Pension Plan
A money purchase pension plan is a defined contribution plan in which the Southern California Edison employer makes an annual contribution to each employee's account in the plan. The amount of the contribution is determined by a set formula that cannot be changed, regardless of whether or not the corporation is showing a profit. Typically, the business's contribution will be based on a certain percentage of a Southern California Edison employee's compensation.
Age-Weighted Profit-Sharing Plan
An age-weighted profit-sharing plan is a defined contribution plan in which contributions are allocated based on the age of plan participants as well as on their compensation. This type of plan benefits older participants with fewer years until retirement by allowing them to receive much larger contributions to their accounts than younger participants. As a Southern California Edison employee, you may want to consider this plan if you are older and close to retirement.
Target Benefit Plan
For Southern California Edison employees, a target benefit plan is a hybrid of a defined benefit plan and a money purchase pension plan. It resembles a defined benefit plan in that the annual contribution is based on the amount needed to fund a specific amount of retirement benefits (the 'target' benefit). It resembles a money purchase pension plan in that the actual benefit received by the participant at retirement is based on his or her individual balance.
New Comparability Plan
A new comparability plan is a variation of the traditional profit-sharing plan. This type of plan is unique in that plan participants are divided into two or more classes based on their age and other factors. The new comparability plan therefore allows Southern California Edison businesses to maximize plan contributions to higher-paid workers, key employees, and owner/employees, while minimizing contributions to the other employees.
Thrift/Savings Plan
A thrift or savings plan is a defined contribution plan that is similar to a profit-sharing plan, but has features that provide for (and encourage) after-tax employee contributions to the plan. The Southern California Edison employee must pay tax on his or her own contributions before they are invested in the plan. Typically, a thrift/savings plan supplements after-tax employee contributions with matching employer contributions.
ESOP Plan
An ESOP plan, sometimes called a stock bonus plan, is a defined contribution plan in which participants' accounts are invested in stock of the Southern California Edison employer's corporation. This type of plan is funded solely by the employer. When a plan participant retires or leaves the company, the participant receives his or her vested balance in the form of cash or employer securities.
How does SoCalGas determine its pension contribution levels for 2024, and what factors influence the funding strategies to maintain financial stability? In preparing for the Test Year (TY) 2024, SoCalGas employs a detailed actuarial process to ascertain the necessary pension contributions. The actuarial valuation includes an assessment of the company's Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). These calculations incorporate variables such as current employee demographics, expected retirement ages, and market conditions. Additionally, SoCalGas must navigate external economic factors, including interest rates and economic forecasts, which can impact the funded status of its pension plans and the associated financial obligations.
SoCalGas determines its pension contribution levels using a detailed actuarial process that evaluates the Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The contribution is influenced by variables such as employee demographics, retirement age expectations, market conditions, and external economic factors like interest rates and economic forecasts. SoCalGas maintains financial stability by adjusting funding strategies based on market returns and required amortization periods(Southern_California_Gas…).
What specific changes to SoCalGas's pension plan are being proposed for the upcoming fiscal year, and how will these changes impact existing employees and retirees? The proposals for the TY 2024 incorporate adjustments to the existing pension funding mechanisms, including the continuation of the two-way balancing account to account for fluctuations in pension costs. This measure is designed to stabilize funding while meeting both the service cost and the annual minimum contributions required under regulatory standards. Existing employees and retirees may see changes in their benefits as adjustments are made to align with these funding strategies, which may include modifications to expected payouts or contributions required from retirees depending on their service years and retirement age.
For the 2024 Test Year, SoCalGas is proposing to adjust its pension funding policy by shortening the amortization period for the PBO shortfall from fourteen to seven years. This change aims to fully fund the pension plan more quickly, improving long-term financial health while reducing intergenerational ratepayer burden. Existing employees and retirees may experience greater financial stability in the pension plan due to these proactive funding strategies(Southern_California_Gas…).
In what ways does SoCalGas's health care cost escalation projections for postretirement benefits compare with national trends, and what strategies are in place to manage these costs? The health care cost escalations required for the Postretirement Health and Welfare Benefits Other than Pension (PBOP) at SoCalGas have been developed in alignment with industry trends, which show consistent increases in health care expenses across the nation. Strategies implemented by SoCalGas involve negotiation with health care providers for favorable rates, introduction of health reimbursement accounts (HRAs), and ongoing assessments of utilization rates among retirees to identify potential savings. These measures aim to contain costs while ensuring that retirees maintain access to necessary healthcare services without a significant financial burden.
SoCalGas's healthcare cost projections for its Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions (PBOP) align with national trends of increasing healthcare expenses. To manage these costs, SoCalGas employs strategies like negotiating favorable rates with providers, utilizing health reimbursement accounts (HRAs), and regularly assessing healthcare utilization. These efforts aim to control healthcare costs while ensuring that retirees receive necessary care(Southern_California_Gas…).
What resources are available to SoCalGas employees to help them understand their benefits and the changes that may occur in 2024? SoCalGas provides various resources to employees to clarify their benefits and upcoming changes, including dedicated HR representatives, comprehensive guides on benefits options, web-based portals, and informational seminars. Employees can access personalized accounts to view their specific benefits, contributions, and projections. Additionally, the company offers regular training sessions covering changes in benefits and how to navigate the retirement process effectively, empowering employees to make informed decisions regarding their retirement planning.
SoCalGas provides employees with various resources, including HR representatives, benefit guides, and web-based portals to help them understand their benefits. Employees also have access to personalized retirement accounts and training sessions that cover benefit changes and retirement planning, helping them make informed decisions regarding their future(Southern_California_Gas…).
How does the PBOP plan impact SoCalGas’s overall compensation strategy for attracting talent? The PBOP plan is a critical component of SoCalGas’s total compensation strategy, designed to attract and retain high-caliber talent in an increasingly competitive market. SoCalGas recognizes that comprehensive postretirement benefits enhance their appeal as an employer. The direct correlation between competitive benefits packages, including the PBOP plan's provisions for health care coverage and financial support during retirement, plays a significant role in talent acquisition and retention by providing peace of mind for employees about their long-term financial security.
SoCalGas's PBOP plan plays a crucial role in its overall compensation strategy by offering competitive postretirement health benefits that enhance the attractiveness of the company's total compensation package. This helps SoCalGas attract and retain a high-performing workforce, as comprehensive retirement and healthcare benefits are important factors for employees when choosing an employer(Southern_California_Gas…).
What are the anticipated trends in the pension and postretirement cost estimates for SoCalGas from 2024 through 2031, and what implications do these trends hold for financial planning? Anticipated trends in pension and postretirement cost estimates are projected to indicate gradual increases in these costs due to changing demographics, increasing life expectancies, and inflation impacting healthcare costs. Financial planning at SoCalGas thus necessitates a proactive approach to ensure adequate funding mechanisms are in place. This involves forecasting contributions that will remain in line with the projected obligations while also navigating regulatory requirements to avoid potential funding shortfalls or impacts on corporate finances.
SoCalGas anticipates gradual increases in pension and postretirement costs from 2024 to 2031 due to changing demographics, increased life expectancies, and rising healthcare costs. This trend implies that SoCalGas will need to implement robust financial planning strategies, including forecasting contributions and aligning funding mechanisms with regulatory requirements to avoid potential shortfalls(Southern_California_Gas…).
How do SoCalGas's pension plans compare with those offered by other utility companies in California in terms of competitiveness and sustainability? When evaluating SoCalGas's pension plans compared to other California utility companies, it becomes evident that SoCalGas's offerings emphasize not only competitive benefits but also a sustainable framework for its pension obligations. This comparative analysis includes studying funding ratios, benefit structures, and employee satisfaction levels. SoCalGas aims to maintain a robust pension plan that not only meets current employee needs but is also sustainable in the long term, adapting to changing economic conditions and workforce requirements while remaining compliant with state regulations.
SoCalGas's pension plans are competitive with those of other utility companies in California, with a focus on both benefit structure and long-term sustainability. SoCalGas emphasizes maintaining a robust pension plan that is adaptable to changing market conditions, regulatory requirements, and workforce needs. This allows the company to remain an attractive employer while ensuring the sustainability of its pension commitments(Southern_California_Gas…).
How can SoCalGas employees reach out for support regarding their pension and retirement benefits, and what types of inquiries can they make? Employees can contact SoCalGas’s Human Resources Benefits Department through dedicated communication channels such as the company’s HR support line, email, or scheduled one-on-one consultations. The HR team is trained to address a variety of inquiries related to pension benefits, eligibility requirements, plan options, and retirement planning strategies. Moreover, employees can request personalized benefits statements and assistance with understanding their entitlements and the implications of any regulatory changes affecting their plans.
SoCalGas employees can reach out to the company's HR Benefits Department through a dedicated support line, email, or consultations. They can inquire about pension benefits, eligibility, plan options, and retirement strategies. Employees may also request personalized benefits statements and clarification on regulatory changes that may affect their plans(Southern_California_Gas…).
What role does market volatility and economic conditions play in shaping the funding strategy of SoCalGas's pension plans? Market volatility and economic conditions play a significant role in shaping SoCalGas's pension funding strategy, influencing both asset returns and liabilities. Fluctuations in interest rates, market performance of invested pension assets, and changes in demographic factors directly affect the PBO calculation, requiring SoCalGas to adjust its funding strategy responsively. This involved the use of sophisticated financial modeling and scenario analysis to ensure that the pension plans remain adequately funded and financially viable despite adverse economic conditions, thereby protecting the interests of current and future beneficiaries.
Market volatility and economic conditions significantly impact SoCalGas's pension funding strategy, affecting both asset returns and liabilities. Factors like interest rates, market performance of pension assets, and demographic shifts influence the PBO calculation, prompting SoCalGas to adjust its funding strategy to ensure adequate pension funding and long-term plan viability(Southern_California_Gas…).
What steps have SoCalGas and SDG&E proposed to recover costs related to pension and PBOP to alleviate financial pressure on ratepayers? SoCalGas and SDG&E proposed implementing a two-way balancing account mechanism designed to smoothly recover the costs associated with their pension and PBOP plans. This initiative aims to ensure that any variances between projected and actual contributions are adjusted in a timely manner, thereby reducing the financial burden on ratepayers. By utilizing this approach, the Companies seek to maintain stable rates while ensuring that all pension obligations can be met without compromising operational integrity or service delivery to their customers. These questions reflect complex issues relevant to SoCalGas employees preparing for retirement and navigating the nuances of their benefits.
SoCalGas and SDG&E have proposed utilizing a two-way balancing account mechanism to recover pension and PBOP-related costs. This mechanism helps adjust for variances between projected and actual contributions, ensuring that costs are managed effectively and do not overly burden ratepayers. This approach aims to maintain stable rates while fulfilling pension obligations(Southern_California_Gas…).