Closed-end funds can be a good fit for Allstate employees looking for higher yields and diversification in their Retirement accounts - but you need to weigh the potential for higher returns against the risks with the help of an experienced advisor like myself - Wesley Boudreaux - of the Retirement Group, 'he said.
'Allstate employees interested in closed-end funds should consider their investment goals and risk tolerance - consulting with a professional like Patrick Ray at The Retirement Group can help you sort through the maze of these funds.'
In this article we will discuss:
- 1. Closed-end funds - basics versus open-end funds.
2. The strengths and downsides of investing in closed-end funds.
3. Benefits of closed-end funds for income-seeking retirees in a low interest rate environment.
How Much Does a Closed-End Fund Cost?
Numerous Allstate clients of ours ask about closed-end funds. An investment corporation called a closed-end fund pools funds from many different investors and invests them in stocks, bonds, and other securities. A fund generally issues a fixed number of shares and buys securities with the proceeds of an initial public offering (IPO). Its capital structure and number of shares are not yet known; the number of shares is fixed (this is why it is called closed-end). Every investor holds some of these holdings in shares.
Closed-end funds may be a good choice for retirees and pre-retirees who want regular income streams. Closed-end funds typically offer higher yields than traditional mutual funds because they are structured to invest in more assets such as real estate and commodities, according to a report by the Investment Company Institute (ICI) in 2021. Closed-end funds may also provide diversification and appreciation of capital. Retirees and pre-retirees should weigh investment goals and risk tolerance before investing in closed-end funds.
A fund's net asset value is its holdings value divided by the number of outstanding shares. Once it goes public, the fund trades on an exchange or the over-the-counter market just like any other security. A professionally managed closed-end fund can be diversified or non-diversified. Investing in the fund may also earn share price appreciation, dividend income and capital gains distributions if the fund sells individual securities at a profit during the year.
Closed-end funds - established in the nineteenth century - are often compared to mutual funds - more famous although younger - which are less well-known. The Investment Company Act of 1940 defines a closed-end company as 'any management company other than an open-end company' (such as a mutual fund). They are both categories of investment companies regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission but have substantial differences. Allstate employees might be curious about the differences and similarities of both types of funds.
Closed-end funds are much older than open-end mutual funds and there are far fewer of them; closed-end funds number in the hundreds, while open-end mutual funds number in the thousands. While a closed-end fund is different from an exchange-traded fund (ETF), there are some similarities our Allstate could use understanding. A closed-end fund can invest like an open-end fund. But historically most closed-end funds were bond funds, the largest category being tax-exempt bond funds.
How Is a Closed-End Fund Different From an Open-End Fund?
And like most investment companies, a closed-end fund diversifies by investing in different securities. But we caution our Allstate clients that diversification alone cannot deliver a profit or protect against loss. A closed-end fund also provides diversification but also professional management and a consistent investment objective. Like mutual funds, closed-end funds do not collect taxes at the fund level but pass those tax obligations onto shareholders.
The biggest difference between a closed-end and an open-end fund that we want our Allstate clients to understand is that while an open-end fund must always be able to redeem your shares directly, most closed-end fund shares are traded on market exchanges and are generally not redeemed directly by the company issuing them. In a closed-end fund, the share count is set at the time of the IPO. Rather, an open-end fund issues and redeems shares daily-hence the name open-end-and the number of shares changes day to day - which affects the fund's net asset value (NAV).
Just like equities, closed-end funds move during the day - and their prices change throughout the day too. That is distinct from an open-end fund whose NAV is calculated only once per day after the markets close. If you want to sell your shares of a closed-end fund, the appetite of other investors to buy them will dictate how easy it is to do so and what price you will get.
Since closed-end funds trade on market exchanges, the market price of a share varies with market supply and demand. If demand exceeds supply, the market price for a closed-end fund's shares may be above its NAV, or net asset value, as the share is intrinsically valued. Demand may outstrip supply and closed-end fund shares may trade below their NAV. Some closed-end fund shares trade at a premium, most trade at a discount. This is not true of open-end funds, which will redeem your shares at NAV on the day you sell (or on the next closing day if you sell after 4 p.m.).
Joan buys 1000 shares of a closed-end mutual fund. She pays USD 14.50 a share. The NAV is USD 15.75. It amounts to Joan getting assets for USD 14,500. Joan sells her stock later for USD 16. She made USD 1,500 ($16,000 - USD 14,500) before transaction fees and commissions. Had she instead bought her shares at USD 16 and sold them at USD 14.50, Joan would have sold her portion of the fund for less than they were worth.
So how Is a Closed-End Fund Different from an Exchange-Traded Fund?
Some Allstate clients wonder how closed-end funds differ from exchange-traded funds. Exchange-traded funds are much newer than closed-end funds. A closed-end fund may also technically be an exchange-traded fund. They both trade during the day on main exchanges. But today most ETFs are passively managed. The fund seeks to replicate a given index return as closely as possible. In turn, their market prices closely match the values of the securities in its portfolio, which track the index. Closed-end funds typically trade above or below their NAV.
Interval Funds
A closed-end fund that periodically offers its shareholders the ability to sell back some or all of its shares is called an interval fund. Shareholders notify the fund by a specified date if they want to accept the offer - usually every three to six months or annually - by that date. The actual repurchase will occur at a price determined by the fund's NAV on a specified date, usually shortly after the deadline for notifying the fund of a repurchase decision.
In contrast with many closed-end funds however, an interval fund possesses the characteristics of both closed-end and open-end funds. As with mutual funds, an interval fund might choose to maintain a price tied to the fund's NAV. And unlike many closed-end funds, shares of an interval fund can be priced daily. But because shares are not redeemed daily, the SEC classes them as closed-end funds.
The Strengths of a Closed-End Fund.
Shares in closed-end funds purchased at a discount represent some kind of leverage - the ability to profit both from rising values of the fund's holdings and from rising demand for the shares themselves. This leverage could boost your investment.
Some closed-end funds borrow money at relatively low cost and put it into higher-yielding securities. This can raise a fund's return if interest rates are falling or staying low. However, if interest rates go up or low-cost credit becomes unavailable, leveraged bond funds could underperform other bond funds that use no leverage.
A closed-end fund needs not hold cash for redemptions because it has a fixed number of shares. This capital may be used to try to increase investor returns. Because shareholders do not redeem shares directly, a manager need not sell assets to cover unexpected shareholder redemptions and can instead invest in less liquid securities.
A closed-end fund is not required to accommodate sudden inflows of capital from shareholders like an open-end fund does. Such unexpected inflows may require a fund to buy securities to invest the money - even if the manager thinks the market is expensive already; a closed-end fund manager has no such problem.
The board of directors for a closed-end fund might sometimes decide to convert the fund to an open-end structure. Suppose this happened, investors who bought shares at a discount to the NAV would profit from the difference between their discounted purchase price and the NAV of the new open-end fund.
Because closed-end funds are traded and priced throughout the day instead of just at the end of the business day, you control the price you pay when you sell and the timing of your sales.Closed-end funds have no minimum purchase requirements on the secondary market.It is because closed-end funds are traded on the secondary market; typically they have no marketing expenses like open-end funds do.
Tradeoffs with a Closed-End Fund.
A closed-end fund's market price may fall if investor demand decreases. Demand may decrease if the market perceives the fund or fund manager as bad or other market conditions exist outside of the fund. And the share price may drop despite the fund manager making smart investments and increasing the fund's asset value.
More closed-end funds can invest in illiquid securities than mutual funds - which can be problematic if the fund manager must sell the securities. An illiquid security generally is one that cannot be sold within seven days at the approximate price the fund uses to calculate NAV.
Because leverage magnifies losses as well as increases return, a closed-end fund that uses leverage might underperform an unleveraged fund when its strategy does not work as expected - for instance if interest rates rise or cheap credit contracts become available - as in a credit crisis. Buy-sell agreements could increase losses; if investor demand is down, your shares will drop too.
Even if the fund manager does a good job and the fund's assets appreciate in value, lack of investor demand could cause the fund's market price to drop below your purchase price and the fund's NAV. The fact that they trade at a premium or discount means closed-end funds can be more volatile than their open-end counterparts.If the board of directors issues new shares by way of a rights offering that would dilute the value of the existing shares, the fund can increase its capital.
A closed-end fund is exposed to the same market risks as any fund that invests in stocks or bonds - for instance, the risk that a bond will default, prepay or be called early; a company will go bankrupt; and that interest rates, inflation, credit availability, political or economic conditions, and/or currency risks will affect the fund's holdings.
Closed-end fund performance is less readily available than open-end fund performance. They are sometimes also less liquid.
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You buy a ticket to a limited-time show by investing in closed-end funds. A closed-end fund has a fixed number of shares just like a theater production has fixed seats. Those shares are sold and the show/fund is closed to new investors. Just as a popular play might draw huge crowds for tickets, a successful closed-end fund might draw significant investor interest and potentially better returns. Just as some shows are better than others, you should research and choose a closed-end fund that meets your investment goals and risk tolerance, however.
Added Fact:
A new study from Morningstar published in April 2023 concluded that closed-end funds could be a good fit for income-seeking investors at low interest rates. The study said closed-end funds that focus on high-yield bonds and dividend-paying stocks historically have offered higher yields than open-end mutual funds. This is especially useful for 60-something investors who want regular income streams in retirement. Open-end funds may provide better yields and diversification benefits than traditional retirement investments. (Source: Morningstar, April 2023)
Added Analogy:
Closed-end investing is like joining an elite club with a finite number of memberships. Like the club that gives members special privileges and amenities, closed-end funds offer investors a broad spectrum of investments. Every membership gets a piece of the fund's holdings, with potential gains for investors. As different clubs serve different interests, so too must investors research and select closed-end funds that meet their financial goals and tolerance for risk. Selecting the right 'club' or closed-end fund can provide income generation, potential capital appreciation and diversification for retirees and pre-retirees.
Sources:
1. Reaves Asset Management. 'Retirees: Keep Your Eyes on Income with CEFs.' Reaves Asset Management, https://insights.reavesam.com/blog/retirees-keep-your-eyes-on-income-with-cef?utm_source=chatgpt.com .
2. Investopedia. 'Closed-End vs. Open-End Investments: What's the Difference?' Investopedia, https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042315/what-are-primary-differences-between-closed-end-investment-and-open-end-investment.asp?utm_source=chatgpt.com .
3. InvestmentNews. 'Why Anxious Retirees Should Consider Closed-End Funds.' InvestmentNews, https://www.investmentnews.com/retirement-planning/why-anxious-retirees-should-consider-closed-end-funds/222196?utm_source=chatgpt.com .
4. BlackRock. 'Five Reasons to Consider Closed-End Funds in Your Portfolio.' BlackRock, https://www.blackrock.com/us/individual/education/closed-end-funds/insights/reasons-to-use-closed-end-funds?utm_source=chatgpt.com .
5. Financial Planning. 'Closed-End Funds: From All Angles.' Financial Planning, https://www.financial-planning.com/news/closed-end-funds-from-all-angles?utm_source=chatgpt.com .
How does the Allstate Retirement Plan ensure that employees are adequately informed of their retirement benefits and options? Specifically, what resources does Allstate offer to help participants understand the complexities of their benefits, and how can employees stay updated on changes to the Allstate Retirement Plan?
Allstate Retirement Plan resources: Allstate provides resources through its website AllstateGoodLife.com, where employees can model different pension scenarios, compare benefit estimates, and request pension statements. Employees are also encouraged to contact the Allstate Benefits Center for personalized support. Regular updates about the plan, including changes in compensation and interest credits, ensure participants stay informed(Allstate_Retirement_Pla…).
In what ways does the Allstate Retirement Plan accommodate employees who might need to take a leave of absence due to military duty? Discuss how the plan's provisions align with federal regulations and the protections offered to ensure that employees do not lose accrued benefits during such leaves.
Military leave accommodations: The Allstate Retirement Plan adheres to the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA), ensuring that employees on military leave continue to accrue benefits and vesting service under the plan. Interest credits will continue to be added to their accounts during the leave(Allstate_Retirement_Pla…).
What factors determine the calculation of the Cash Balance Benefit under the Allstate Retirement Plan? Detail how annual compensation is integrated into benefit calculations, and what limitations exist concerning eligible compensation for retirement benefits.
Cash Balance Benefit calculation: The Cash Balance Benefit is based on pay credits and interest credits. Pay credits depend on the employee’s years of vesting service, and are calculated as a percentage of their annual compensation. Annual compensation includes salary, bonuses, and certain paid leave, but excludes severance payments and certain awards. The benefit is subject to IRS limits(Allstate_Retirement_Pla…).
Can you explain the differences between the Final Average Pay Benefit and the Cash Balance Benefit as part of the Allstate Retirement Plan? Discuss how benefits are accrued under each formula and the implications for employees transitioning between plans.
Final Average Pay vs. Cash Balance Benefit: The Final Average Pay Benefit was frozen as of December 31, 2013, for participants, while the Cash Balance Benefit is an ongoing accrual based on eligible annual compensation and interest credits. Employees with preserved Final Average Pay Benefits can receive both this benefit and a Cash Balance Benefit, creating a dual structure for those transitioning between plans(Allstate_Retirement_Pla…).
What options do Allstate employees have for designating beneficiaries under the Retirement Plan, and how do these choices impact the benefits received by the designated individuals? Discuss the procedures for updating beneficiary designations and the importance of keeping this information current.
Beneficiary designations: Employees can designate beneficiaries for their Cash Balance and Final Average Pay Benefits through AllstateGoodLife.com. It is crucial to update beneficiary designations after significant life events such as marriage, as spousal consent is required for naming someone other than the spouse. Keeping this information current ensures smooth benefit distribution(Allstate_Retirement_Pla…).
How does the Allstate Retirement Plan define and measure Vesting Service, and why is it critical for employees to understand this definition? Explain the implications of Vesting Service on eligibility for benefits and the calculations involved in determining retirement pay.
Vesting Service definition: Vesting Service is used to determine eligibility for benefits and is based on the total years of service with Allstate, including military leave and breaks in service under certain conditions. Employees must understand this concept, as vesting impacts their eligibility to receive retirement benefits, generally after three years of service(Allstate_Retirement_Pla…).
What steps must Allstate employees follow to commence payment of their retirement benefits when they reach eligibility? Outline the necessary paperwork and timelines involved, as well as how timely submissions can affect payout dates.
Commencing retirement benefits: To commence payment of retirement benefits, employees must notify the Allstate Benefits Center 30 to 60 days prior to their selected Payment Start Date. This process involves submitting paperwork via the website or phone, with the payment date starting on the first day of the month(Allstate_Retirement_Pla…)(Allstate_Retirement_Pla…).
How do the provisions of the Allstate Retirement Plan address scenarios where an employee transitions to independent contractor status? Discuss the impact of this transition on their previously accrued benefits and any applicable rules that pertain to their retirement planning.
Transition to independent contractor status: Independent contractors are generally not eligible for the Allstate Retirement Plan. However, employees who previously accrued benefits under the plan before transitioning to contractor status will retain those benefits, but no further credits will accrue during their time as a contractor(Allstate_Retirement_Pla…).
How are employees of Allstate notified of their rights under ERISA, and what resources are available for participants who believe their rights have been violated? Discuss the role of the Administrative Committee in safeguarding participant rights and ensuring compliance with federal regulations.
ERISA rights and resources: Employees are informed of their rights under ERISA through plan documents and can contact the Allstate Benefits Center for assistance. The Administrative Committee ensures compliance with ERISA and oversees participant rights, including providing resources for claims and disputes(Allstate_Retirement_Pla…).
How can employees contact Allstate to learn more about their retirement benefits detailed in the Allstate Retirement Plan? Include specifics on the best methods for reaching out, including contact numbers and online resources available to employees for additional assistance.
Contacting Allstate for retirement plan information: Employees can contact Allstate through the Allstate Benefits Center at (888) 255-7772 or online at AllstateGoodLife.com. The website provides access to pension estimates, beneficiary management, and retirement planning tools(Allstate_Retirement_Pla…).
Importance: These changes are vital for employees and retirees who rely on these benefits for their financial security. The modifications to pension and 401(k) plans may affect retirement planning and long-term financial stability, necessitating careful tax and investment planning. Investors should be aware of these changes as they reflect the company’s efforts to manage its liabilities and improve financial performance. Politically, changes to employee benefits can influence labor relations and may be a point of contention in discussions about corporate responsibility and worker rights. | | Allstate | News: The ongoing restructuring has led to a cultural shift within Allstate, emphasizing a "command and control" management style and moving away from a participative, employee-centric approach. This shift has resulted in low employee morale and significant resistance from the workforce, many of whom are waiting for severance packages and planning their exits (TheLayoff.com) (TheLayoff.com).
Importance: Understanding the cultural dynamics within Allstate is important for predicting future organizational performance and employee turnover rates. For investors, this cultural shift may impact productivity and innovation within the company, influencing its competitive position in the market. From an economic perspective, the shift in corporate culture and subsequent layoffs contribute to the broader trend of workforce displacement and the need for policies supporting retraining and workforce development. Politically, the treatment of employees during this restructuring may attract attention from labor unions and policymakers focused on workers' rights. |
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